AP Intermediate 1st Year Syllabus Logic

Unit – I The Nature and scope of logic

Introduction – Definition of logic – Types of logic a) formal logic b) material logic –

-Uses of logic – thought – types of thinking a) Common sense thinking b) Scientific thinking – Relation ship with other subjects a) logic and psychology b) logic and ethic c) logic and law – laws of thought a) law of identity b) law of contradiction or non- contradiction c) law of excluded middle d) law of sufficient reason.

Unit – II Words – Terms – Sentences

Introduction – concept – percept – Judgment – sentence
Definition of word – Types of words a) Categorematic b) Syncategorematic Terms – Types of terms a) Simple and composite terms b) single and general terms c) collective and non-collective terms d) concrete and abstract terms e) Positive – Negative and privative terms – Definition of connotation and denotation and their relationship.

Unit –III Propositions

Definition of proposition – Relationship between sentence and proposition – Analysis of logical proposition – a) subject term b) predicate term c) copula – Kinds of propositions – Conditional proposition – a) Hypothetical proposition b) Disjunctive proposition – un conditional proposition – Quality and Quantity of proposition – categorical proposition a) Universal affirmative b) Universal negative c) particular affirmative d) particular negative – Distribution of terms – Eulurs of circle.

Unit –IV Inference

Inference – Types of inference a) Immediate inference b) mediate inference – syllogism – general rules of categorical syllogism – fallacies of categorical syllogism a) fallacy of four terms b) fallacy of un-distribution middle term c) fallacy of illicit major d) fallacy illicit minor e) fallacy of negatives f) fallacy of particulars.

Unit – V Mixed Syllogism

Hypothetical syllogism a) Pure Hypothetical syllogism b) Mixed Hypothetical syllogism – Rules – fallacies a) Fallacy of denying antecedent b) Fallacy of affirmative consequent – Disjunctive syllogism a) Pure Disjunctive syllogism b) mixed Disjunctive syllogism – Rules – fallacies a) fallacy of non-exclusive alternative b) fallacy of exhaustive alternative.

Unit – VI Division

Definition – Rules of division – Types of division a) Division of dichotomy b) Physical division c) verbal division d) metaphysical division

Unit – VII Logical Definition

Definition – Rules of definition – Relationship of definition with description and division

Unit – VIII Indian Logic

Inference – Prama, Brama, Pramana – Swardha anumana – Parardha anumana – Relationship between Indian syllogism and Aristotle syllogism.

Unit – IX Symbolic Logic

Value of use of symbols – cum- symbolization, variable and constant – the truth functional connectives – truth table.

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