From Haloalkanes:-
When HaloAlkanes (alkyl halides) are heated with aqueous sodium or Potassium Hydroxide, they forms alcohols
From Alkenes:-
Alcohols can be produced from Alkenes by their Hydration, by passing alkenes through concentrated H2SO4 and then hydrolysis with boiling water gives alcohols.
Mechanism: – it involves following steps
(i) Electrophilic attack by hydroxyl union on alkenes gives a carbocation intermediate :-
(ii) Nucleophilic attack by water on 20 carbocation
(iii) Deprotonation or loss of proton to form alcohol
From Hydroboration – oxidation :- B2H6 (Diborane) if C- deficient molecule it acts as an electrophilic and react with alkenes to form trialkylborates which on subsequent oxidation with alkaline H2O2 gives alcohols
From Carbonyl Compounds:-
- By reduction of aldehyde and ketones.
R – CHO reacting with H2/Ni or Na/ C2H5OH giving R – CH2 OH.
Aldehyde or LiAlH4 or NaBH4 1o alcohol
- By reduction of Carboxylic acids and esters:-
From Oxy-Mercuration DeMercuration of alkene:-
By simple addition of water to alkene reagent used in this process is mercuric acetate
Form Grignard Reagents:-
Regents are alkyl or aryl magnesium halides (R – MgX)
Process:-
Basic magnesium halide
Example : From aldehyde gives alcohol
Hydrolysis of ester
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Class 12 Chem Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers All Topics Notes Class 12 Chemistry All Chapter Notes
