Class 11 Chemistry Notes Stocihiometry – Glossary

Aliquot.  A portion of the whole, usually a simple fraction. A portion of a sample withdraw from a volumetric flask with a pipet is called as aliquot.

Analytical concentration, The total number of moles per litre of a solute regardless of any reactions that might occur when the solute dissolves. Used synonymously with formality.

Equivalent. The amount of a substance which furnishes or reacts with 1 of H⁺ (acid-base), 1 mol of electrons (redox), or 1 mol of a univalent cation (precipitation and complex formation).

Equivalent weight. The weight in grams of one equivalent of a substance.

Equivalence point. The point in a titration where the number of equivalents of titrant is the same as the number of equivalents of analytic.

End point.The point in a titration where an indicator changes color.

Formula weight. The number of formula weights of all the atoms in the chemical formula of a substance.

Formality. The number formula weights of solute per liter of solution; synonymous with analytical concentration.

Indicator. A chemical substance which exhibits different colors in the presence of excess analyte or titrant.

Normality. The number of equivalents of solute per litre of solution.

Primary standard. A substance available in a pure form or state of known purity which is used in standardizing a solution.

Standardization. The process by which the concentration of a solution is accurately acertained.

Standard solution. A solution whose concentration has been accurately determined.

Titrant. The reagent (a standard solution) which is added from a buret to react with the analyte.

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