CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Notes: Solid States – Classification on the basis of arrangement of constituent particle

CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF ARRANGEMENT OF CONSTITUENT PARTICLES:-

1. Crystalline Solids:-

• A solid is said to be crystalline if its various constituent particles [ions, atoms, molecules] are arranges in a definite geometric pattern in the three dimensional space so that there is short as well as long range order of constituent particles.Example:- Sodium, Calcium, Stones, Gems, Wood etc.

2. Amorphous Solid:-

• If there is no regular arrangement of constituent particles or there is only the short range order of its constituent particles then the solid is called amorphous solid.Example:- Rubber, Glass, Pitch, Silica etc.

3. Isotropy:-

• In the amorphous solids there is no regular arrangement of particles thus the properties like electrical conductivity, thermal expansion are identical in all the direction. This property is called isotropy.

Amorphous solid are isotropic in nature.

4. Anisotropy:-

• Due to regular arrangement of constituent particles, the different particles are fall in different ways of a crystalline solid. The values of properties like electrical conductivity and thermal expansion not remains same in all the direction this is called anisotropy.

And crystalline solids are anisotropic in nature

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