Chemical Properties
Amino acids show the following characteristic reactions.
1. Reaction of the carboxyl group.
2. Reaction of the amino group.
3. Reaction involving both the carboxyl and the amino group.
Reaction of the carboxyl group
Reaction with base
(i)
(ii)
Mechanism:
Esterification
Note: HCl first converts the dipolar ion into an acid which is subsequently esterified.
Decarboxylation
Reduction
Reaction with strong acid
Reaction with Nitrous acid
Note: (i) This reaction forms the basis of the “van slyke method” for the estimation of amino acids.
(ii) The nitrogen is evolved (one half comes from the amino acid) quantitatively and its volume measured.
Reaction with Nitrosyl halide
Reaction with 2, 4 – Dintrofluorobenzene (DNFB)
Reaction involving both the carboxyl & the amino group
Effect of heat
α – amino acids undergo dehydration on heating (200°C) to give diketo piperazines.
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