Class 09 Science Sound – Get here the Notes for Class 09 Science Sound. Candidates who are ambitious to qualify the Class 09 with good score can check this article for Notes. This is possible only when you have the best CBSE Class 09 Science study material and a smart preparation plan. To assist you with that, we are here with notes. Hope these notes will helps you understand the important topics and remember the key points for exam point of view. Below we provided the Notes of Class 09 Science for topic Sound.
- Class: 09th
- Subject: Science
- Topic: Sound
- Resource: Notes
CBSE Notes Class 9 Science Sound
Candidates who are pursuing in Class 09 are advised to revise the notes from this post. With the help of Notes, candidates can plan their Strategy for particular weaker section of the subject and study hard. So, go ahead and check the Important Notes for Class 09 Science Sound.
Science Class 9 Notes for Chapter 12 – Science Notes for Class 9 CBSE
1. Sound : Sound is a form of energy which produces a sensation of hearing in our ears.
2. Source of sound and its propagation : A source of vibration motion of an object is normally a source of sound.
3. Characteristics of the medium required for the propagation of sound:
(i) Medium must be elastic so that the medium particles have the tendency to return back to their original positions after the displacement.
(ii) Medium must have the inertia so that its particles have the capacity to store the energy.
The frictional resistance of the medium should be negligible to minimise the loss of energy in propagation.
4. Types of waves
(i) Mechanical waves : A mechanical wave is a periodic disturbance which requires a material medium for its propagation. On the basis of motion of particles the mechanical waves are classified into two parts.
(a) Transverse wave
(b) Longitudinal wave
(a) Transverse wave : When the particles of the medium vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave, the wave is known as the transverse wave. For example, waves produced in a stretched string.
(b) Longitudinal wave : When the particles of the medium vibrate along the direction of propagation of the wave then the wave is known as the longitudinal wave. For example sound wave in air.
(ii) Electromagnetic waves : The waves which do not require medium for propagation are called electromagnetic waves these waves can travel through vacuum also. For example, light waves, X-rays.
5. Characteristics of a sound wave
Frequency : The number of vibrations per second is called frequency.
The unit of frequency is hertz
(ii) Amplitude: The maximum displacement of each particle from its mean position is called amplitude.
The S.I. unit of amplitude is metre (m).
(iii) Time period: The time taken to complete one vibration is called time period.
Frequency= 1/(Time period) or v = 1/T
(iv) Wavelength: The distance between two nearest (adjacent) crests or troughs of a wave is called its wavelength.
(v) Velocity of wave: The distance travelled by a wave in one second is called velocity of the wave (or speed of the wave). The S.I. unit for the velocity of a wave is metres per second (m/s or ms-1).
(vi) Pitch : Pitch is the sensation (brain interpretation) of the frequency of an emitted sound and is the characteristic which distinguishes a shrill (or sharp) sound from a grave (or flat) sound.
(vii) Loudness : It is a measure of the sound energy reaching the ear per second.
6. Reflection of sound : When sound waves strike a surface, they return back into the same medium. This phenomenon is called reflection.
7. Laws of reflection : Angle of incidence is equal the angle of reflection.
The incident wave, the reflected wave and the normal all lie in the same plane.
8. Echo : Phenomenon of hearing back our own sound is called an echo. It is due to successive reflection from the surfaces obstacles of large size.
9. Relation between speed of sound, time of hearing echo and distance of reflection body :If t is the time at which an echo is heard, d is the distance between the source of sound and the reflecting body and v is the speed of sound. The total distance travelled by the sound is 2d.
speed of sound, v = 2d/t or d = vt/2
10. Conditions for the formation of Echoes
(i) The minimum distance between the source of sound and the reflecting body should be 17.2 metres.
(ii) The wavelength of sound should be less than the height of the reflecting body.
(iii) The intensity of sound should be sufficient so that it can be heard after reflection.
11. Reverberation : Persistence of sound after its production is stopped, is called reverberation. A short reverberation is desirable in a concert hall (where music is being played) because it gives ‘life’ to sound. Too much reverberation confuses the programmers and must be reduced to reduce reverberation.
12. Range of Hearing : The audible range of sound for human beings extends from about 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (one Hz = one cycle/s). Sounds of frequencies below 20 Hz are called infrasonic sound or infrasound. Frequencies higher than 20 kHz are called ultrasonic sound or ultra sound. Ultrasound is produced by dolphins.
13. Applications of ultrasound : The ultrasound is commonly used for medical diagnosis and therapy, and also as a surgical tool. It is also used in a wide variety of industrial applications and processes. Some creatures use ultrasound for information exchange and for the detection and location of objects. Also some bats and
porpoises are found to use ultrasound for navi gation and to locate food in darkness or at a place where there is inadequate light for vision (method of search is called echolocation).
14. Sonar : SONAR means Sound Navigation Rang-ing. In this sound waves (ultrasonic) are used [microwaves are absorbed by water)]. Sound waves are emitted by a source. These waves travel in water with velocity v. The waves re-flected by targets (like submarine bottom sea) are detected.
Uses
(i) The SONAR system is used for detecting the presence of unseen underwater objects, such as a submerged submarine, a sunken ship, sea rock or a hidden iceberg, and locating them accurately.
(ii) The principle of SONAR is also used in industry of detection of flaws in metal blocks or sheets without damaging them.
15. Human ear : It is a highly sensitive part of the human body which enables us to hear a sound. It converts the pressure variations in air with audiable frequencies into electric signals which travel to the brain via the auditory nerve.
The human ear has three main parts. Their auditory functions are as follows:
(i) Outer ear : The outer ear is called `pinna’. It collects the sound from the suri-ounding. The collected sound passes through the auditory canal. At the end of the auditory canal there is a thin membrane called the ear drum or tympanic membrane. When compression of the medium produced due to vibration of the object reaches the ear drum, the pressure on the outside of the membrane increases and forces the eardrum inward. Similarly, the eardrum moves outward when a rarefaction reaches. In this way the ear drum vibrates.
(ii) Middle ear: The vibrations are amplified several times by three bones (the hammer, anvil and stirrup) in the middle ear which act as levers. The middle ear transmits the amplified pressure variations received from the sound wave to the inner ear.
(iii) Inner ear: In the inner ear, the pressure variations are turned into electrical signals by the cochlea. These electrical signals are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve, and the brain interprets them as sound.
Class 9 Key Points, Important Questions & Practice Papers
Hope these notes helped you in your schools exam preparation. Candidates can also check out the Key Points, Important Questions & Practice Papers for various Subjects for Class 9 in both Hindi and English language form the link below.
| Class 9 Maths | कक्षा 9 गणित |
| Class 9 Science | कक्षा 9 सामाजिक विज्ञान |
| Class 9 English | |
| Class 9 Social Science |
Class 9 NCERT Solutions
Candidates who are studying in Class 9 can also check Class 9 NCERT Solutions from here. This will help the candidates to know the solutions for all subjects covered in Class 9th. Candidates can click on the subject wise link to get the same. Class 9 Chapter-wise, detailed solutions to the questions of the NCERT textbooks are provided with the objective of helping students compare their answers with the sample answers.
Class 9 Mock Test / Practice
Mock test are the practice test or you can say the blue print of the main exam. Before appearing in the main examination, candidates must try mock test as it helps the students learn from their mistakes. With the help of Class 9 Mock Test / Practice, candidates can also get an idea about the pattern and marking scheme of that examination. For the sake of the candidates we are providing Class 9 Mock Test / Practice links below.
Class 9 Exemplar Questions
Exemplar Questions Class 9 is a very important resource for students preparing for the Examination. Here we have provided Exemplar Problems Solutions along with NCERT Exemplar Problems Class 9. Question from very important topics is covered by Exemplar Questions for Class 9.
Class 9 Science Notes Maths Notes Social Science Notes English Notes
