Study Material

Mirage – Study Material

9.4.1 Total internal reflection in nature and its technological applications On hot summer days, the air near the ground becomes hotter than the air at higher levels. The refractive index...

Twinkling of Stars – Study Material

The twinkling of a star is due to atmospheric refraction of starlight. The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere, undergoes refraction continuously before it reaches the earth. The atmospheric refraction...

Food Crops in India – Study Material

A variety of food and non food crops are grown in different parts of the country depending upon the variations in soil, climate and cultivation practices. Major crops grown in...

Industrial Pollution in India – Study Material

Industrial Pollution and Environmental Degradation Although industries contribute significantly to India's economic growth and development, the increase in pollution of land, water, air, noise and resulting degradation of environment that...

India – Size And Location – Study Material

India is one of the ancient civilisations in the world. It has achieved multi-faceted socio- economic progress during the last five decades. It has moved forward displaying remarkable progress in...

Tangent – Study Material

10.1 Introduction You have studied in Class IX that a circle is a collection of all points in a plane which are at a constant distance (radius) from a fixed...

Cell Membrane – Study Material

The detailed structure of the membrane was studied only after the advent of the electron microscope in the 1950s. Meanwhile, chemical studies on the cell membrane, especially in human red...

Deoxyribonucleic Acid – Study Material

James Dewey Watson was born in Chicago on 6 April 1928. In 1947, he received B.Sc. degree in Zoology. During these years his interest in bird-watching had matured into a...

Golgi Apparatus – Study Material

Camillo Golgi (1898) first observed densely stained reticular structures near the nucleus.These were later named Golgi bodies after him.They consist of many lat, disc-shaped sacs or cisternae of 0.5ìm to...

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