NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 15 Probability

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Q.1: Complete the following statements:
(i)  Probability of an event E + Probability of the event ‘not E’ = __________
(ii) The probability of an event that cannot happen is ______ Such an event is called____
(iii) The probability of an event that is certain to happen is _____ Such an event is called ______
(iv) The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is ______
(v) ) The probability of an event is greater than or equal to______and less than or equal to ___

Ans : (i) 1 
(ii) 0, impossible event 
(iii) 1,sure event or certain event 
(iv) 1 
(v) 0,1 

Q.2: Which of the following experiments have equally likely outcomes? Explain. 
(i) A driver attempts to start a car. The car starts or does not start. 
(ii) A player attempts to shoot a basketball. She/he shoots or misses the shot. 
(iii) A trial is made to answer a true-false question. The answer is right or wrong. 
(iv) A baby is born. It is a boy or a girl

Ans : (i) It is not an equally likely event, as it depends on various factors such as whether the car will start or not. And factors for both the conditions are not the same. 
(ii) It is not an equally likely event, as it depends on the player's ability and there is no information given about that. 
(iii) It is an equally likely event. 
(iv) It is an equally likely event. 

Q.3: Why is tossing a coin considered to be a fair way of deciding which team should get the ball at the beginning of a football game?

Ans : When we toss a coin, the possible outcomes are only two, head Or tail, which are equally likely outcomes. Therefore, the result of an individual toss is completely unpredictable. 

Q.4: Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event?
(A) ⅔ 
(B) -1.5
(C) 15 %
(D) 0.7

Ans : Probability of an event (E) is always greater than or equal to 0. Also, it is always less than or equal to one. This implies that the probability of an event cannot be negative or greater than 1. Therefore, out of these alternatives, -1.5 cannot be a probability of an event. 
Hence, (B) 

Q.5: If P(E) = 0.05, what is the probability of ‘not E’?

Ans : We Know that, 
\(  \mathbf{P}(\overline{\mathbf{E}})=1-\mathrm{P}(\mathrm{E}) \)
\( \mathbf{P}(\overline{\mathbf{E}})=1-0.05  \)
\(  =0.95 \)
Therefore, the probability of ‘not E’ is 0.95 

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