NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science II Chapter 9 Recent Developments In Indian Politics

Ans : (a) Assassination of Indira Gandhi(1984). 
(b) Formation of Janata Dal (1989) 
(c) Mandal Recommendations and Anti Reservation Stir (1990) 
(d) The demolition of Babri Masjid (1992) 
(e) The formation of NDA government (1997) 
(f) Godhra incident and its fallout (2002)
(g) Formation of UPA government (2004) 

Ans : (a)-(iv)
(b)-(ii)
(c)-(i)
(d)-(iii) 

Ans : In the decade of eighties, the country witnessed five main developments which had a long lasting impact on politics: 
1. End of Congress system. 
2. Mandal issues 
3. New Economic Reforms 
4. Babri Masjid Issues 
5. Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi 1989 elections led to defeat of Congress and emerged the era of 'Multi Party- System' when no single party secured majority in Lok Sabha elections since 1989. It led the era of coalition government also when regional parties played a crucial role in forming a ruling alliance. Since 1989, there have been nine governments at the centre either coalition government or minority government supported by other parties. In this phase, government could be formed only with the participation of many regional parties. The nineties also saw the emergence of powerful parties to represent Dalits and backward classes and regional assertions as well. 

Ans : The statement is justified because in the new era of coalition politics the emphasis on pragmatic considerations rather than ideological positions and political alliance without ideological agreement. 
1. Coalition politics has shifted the focus from ideological differences to power sharing arrangements. 
2. Most parties of NDA did not agree with the 'Hindutva' ideology of BJP still they came together to form government and remained in power also for full term. 

Ans : The major trends in the electoral performance of BJP since 1989 can be traced as follows: 
1. In the elections of 1989, the National front under V.P. Singh came to power supported by left front and BJP from outside because they wanted to keep the Congress out of power Due to Mandal Commission Report and implementation of its recommendations forced BJP to reconsider its support and finally withdrew it. Thus, In November 1 990, the rule of National Front came to an end. 
2. In 1996 BJP minority government was formed for a short period. In June 1996 BJP failed to get majority support in the vote of confidence and thus collapsed. 
3. From March 1998 to October 1999, BJP and others formed alliances NDA (National Democratic Alliance) under the leadership of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. The regional Parties demanded more share in the government to extend their support. 
4. The political competition during nineties and divided between the coalition led by BJP and coalition led by Congress.