NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 14 Respiration in Plants

Ans : (a) Respiration and combustion 

(b) Glycolysis and Krebs' cycle

(c) Aerobic respiration and Fermentation
 

Ans : The compounds oxidised during the process of respiration are called respiratory substrates. Carbohydrates, especially glucose, act as respiratory substrates. Fats, proteins, and organic acids also act as respiratory substrates. 

Ans : The major steps in aerobic respiration and the sites where they occur are listed in the given table. 
 

Ans : ETS or electron transport system is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It helps in releasing and utilizing the energy stored in NADH + \(H^{+}\) and \(FADH_{2}\). NADH + \(H^{+}\), which is formed during glycolysis and citric acid cycle, gets oxidized by NADH dehydrogenase (complex l). The electrons so generated get transferred to ubiquinone through FMN. In a similar manner, \(FADH_{2}\) (complex II) generated during citric acid cycle gets transferred to ubiquinone. The electrons from ubiquinone are received by cytochrome bcl (complex Ill) and further get transferred to cytochrome c. The cytochrome c acts as a mobile carrier between complex Ill and cytochrome c oxidase complex, containing cytochrome a and a3, along with copper centres (complex During the transfer of electrons from each complex, the process is accompanied by the production of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate by the action ATP synthase (complex V). The amount of ATP produced depends on the molecule, which has been oxidized. 2 ATP molecules are produced by the oxidation of one molecule of NADH. One molecule of \(FADH_{2}\), on oxidation, gives 3 ATP molecules. 
 

Ans : (a) Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration

(b) Glycolysis and Fermentation 

(c) Glycolysis and Citric acid Cycle