NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in higher plants – Here are all the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13. This solution contains questions, answers, images, explanations of the complete chapter 13 titled Photosynthesis in higher plants of Biology taught in Class 11. If you are a student of Class 11 who is using NCERT Textbook to study Biology, then you must come across chapter 13 Photosynthesis in higher plants. After you have studied the lesson, you must be looking for answers of its questions. Here you can get complete NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in higher plants in one place.
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
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For a better understanding of this chapter, you should also see summary of Chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants , Biology, Class 11.
Class | 11 |
Subject | Biology |
Book | Biology |
Chapter Number | 13 |
Chapter Name |
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants |
NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology chapter 13 Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
Class 11, Biology chapter 13, Photosynthesis in Higher Plants solutions are given below in PDF format. You can view them online or download PDF file for future use.
Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
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Question & Answer
Q.1: By looking at a plant externally can you tell whether a plant is \(C_{3}\) or \(C_{4}\)? Why and how?
Ans : One cannot distinguish whether a plant is \(C_{3}\) or \(C_{4}\) by observing its leaves and other morphological features externally. Unlike \(C_{3}\) plants, the leaves of \(C_{4}\) plants have a special anatomy called Kranz anatomy and this difference can only be observed at the cellular level. For example, although wheat and maize are grasses, wheat is a \(C_{3}\) plant, while maize is a \(C_{4}\) plant.
Q.2: By looking at which internal structure of a plant can you tell whether a plant is \(C_{3}\) or \(C_{4}\)? Explain.
Ans : The leaves of \(C_{4}\) plants have a special anatomy caned Kranz anatomy. This makes them different from \(C_{3}\) plants. Special cells, known as bundle-sheath cells, surround the vascular bundles. These cells have a large number of chloroplasts. They are thick-walled and have no intercellular spaces. They are also impervious to gaseous exchange. All these anatomical features help prevent photorespiration in \(C_{4}\) Plants, thereby increasing their ability to photosynthesise.
Q.3: Even though a very few cells in a \(C_{4}\) plant carry out the biosynthetic – Calvin pathway, yet they are highly productive. Can you discuss why?
Ans : The productivity of a plant is measured by the rate at which it photosynthesises. The amount of carbon dioxide present in a plant is directly proportional to the rate of photosynthesis. \(C_{4}\) plants have a mechanism for increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide. In \(C_{4}\) plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle-sheath cells. The \(C_{4}\) compound (malic acid) from the mesophyll cells is broken down in the bundle- sheath cells. As a result, \(CO_{2}\) is released. The increase in \(CO_{2}\) ensures that the enzyme RuBisCo does not act as an oxygenase, but as a carboxylase. This prevents photorespiration and increases the rate of photosynthesis. Thus, \(C_{4}\) plants are highly productive.
Q.4: RuBisCO is an enzyme that acts both as a carboxylase and oxygenase. Why do you think RuBisCO carries out more carboxylation in \(C_{4}\) plants?
Ans : The enzyme RuBisCo is absent from the mesophyll cells of \(C_{4}\) plants. It is present in the bundle-sheath cells surrounding the vascular bundles. In \(C_{4}\) plants, the Calvin cycle occurs in the bundle-sheath cells. The primary \(CO_{2}\) acceptor in the mesophyll cells is phosphoenolpyruvate — a three-carbon compound. It is converted into the four-carbon compound oxaloacetic acid (OAA). OAA is further converted into malic acid. Malic acid is transported to the bundle-sheath cells, where it undergoes decarboxylation and \(CO_{2}\)fixation occurs by the Calvin cycle. This prevents the enzyme RuBisCo from acting as an oxygenase.
Q.5: Suppose there were plants that had a high concentration of Chlorophyll b, but lacked chlorophyll a, would it carry out photosynthesis? Then why do plants have chlorophyll b and other accessory pigments?
Ans : Chlorophyll-a molecules act as antenna molecules. They get excited by absorbing light and emit electrons during cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylations. They form the reaction centres for both photosystems I and II. Chlorophyll-b and other photosynthetic pigments such as carotenoids and xanthophylls act as accessory pigments. Their role is to absorb energy and transfer it to chlorophyll-a. Carotenoids and xanthophylls also protect the chlorophyll molecule from photo-oxidation. Therefore, chlorophyll-a is essential for photosynthesis. If any plant were to lack chlorophyll-a and contain a high concentration of chlorophyll-b, then this plant would not undergo photosynthesis.
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