Tense refers to the time at which an action takes place.
Additional information
1-Types of sentences:
1- Affirmative
2- Negative
3- Interrogative
i- Yes/No type
ii- question word/Wh words type
4-Interrogative- Negative
i- Yes/No type
ii- question word/Wh words type
2- Subject
1- Singular
2- Plural
Present tense:
1-Indefinite (Simple)
Hence forth-
MV- Main verb
HV- Helping verb
Usage:
1- Habitual actions He gets up early in the morning.
2- Scientific facts Water boils at 1000 Centigrade.
3- Universal facts/ General truth The sun rises in the east.
Key- words: Daily, never, always etc.
Verb:
MV- I form (Plural Subject), I form+ e/es(Singular Subject)- Affirmative sentences
HV- Do (Plural Subject)/Does (Singular Subject)-Negative & Interrogative Sentences
NB- No ‘s/es‘ with ‘ do/does‘
2-Continuous (Progressive, Imperfect)
Usage:
1- Action taking place at the time of speaking.
I am teaching ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner‘ by ST Coleridge at present.
2- Action continued over a period of time in the present.
I am working on a science project nowadays.
Key- words: Nowadays, at present, these days etc.
Verb:
MV- I form + ing
HV- Is, Am, Are
3- Perfect Tense
Usage:
Just completed action.
I have completed my homework just now.
Key- words: Recently, Just now
Verb:
MV- III form
HV- Has (Singular Subject)/ Have (Plural Subject)
4- Perfect Continuous Tense
Usage:
Action started somewhere in the past but being done now.
I have been living in Baroda for the last two years.
She has been studying in this school for two years.
Key- words: Since, for
Verb:
MV- I form + ing
HV- Has been (Singular Subject)/ have been (Plural Subject)
NB- Since- Point of time
For- Period of time
Past tense:
1-Past indefinite (Simple)
Usage:
Action done in remote past.
I went to Mathura yesterday
I did not go to Mathura yesterday.
Key- words: – yesterday, last etc.
Verb:
MV- II form (Affirmative sentences)
HV- Did
NB- 1-HV ‘Did‘ is used in negative & interrogative sentences.
2- With HV ‘Did‘, I form of MV.
2-Past Continuous
Usage:
An action done progressively in the past.
He was working on a project, when I last visited him.
Key- words: those days, etc.
Verb:
MV-I form + ing
HV- was, were
3-Past Perfect
Usage:
An action completed in the past before a said time or another action.
Key- words: before, when, as soon as etc.
Verb:
MV- III form (earlier past) & II form (Past)
HV- had (earlier past)
4-Past Perfect Continuous
Usage:
An action being done continuously for the said period in the past.
She had been reading for two hours when I reached her house.
Key- words: since, for Verb:
MV- I form + ing
HV- had been
Future tense:
1- Future indefinite (Simple)
Usage:
Refers to simple action which is to take place.
I will go to Surat tomorrow.
Key- words: tomorrow, next, coming etc.
Verb:
MV- I form
HV- will, shall (Modals)
NB- 1- Ist Person (I, We) – shall
IInd & IIIrd Person (You, He/ She, It, They)-will
2- During three situations, i.e. determination, promise, threatening ‘shall ->will & will -> shall.
2-Future Continuous
Usage:
A progressive future action.
At this time tomorrow, she will be doing her homework.
Key- words: tomorrow at this time etc.
Verb:
MV- I form + ing
HV- will, shall (Modals) + be
3-Future Perfect
Usage:
Refers to an action which will be completed at the said time in future.
e.g. I will have prepared support material by Saturday.
Key- words: after, by, etc.
Verb:
MV- III form
HV- will, shall (Modals) + have
4-Future Perfect Continuous
Usage:
An action which will begin before a definite time in the future and will just end up at that time or may continue even after that.
When I reach my school at 08:30 a.m tomorrow, the teacher will have been giving remedial classes.
Key- words: – Since, for, after three years, etc.
Verb:
MV- I form + ing
HV- will, shall (Modals) + have been
Future Time Reference
1- By using ‘will/shall’
I‘ll go to Agra tomorrow.
2- By using ‘Simple present tense’
What time does the match begin?
3- By using ‘Present Continuous tense’
The PM is leaving for America next week.
4- By using ‘Going to’ form.
I am going to take bath.
5-By using „about to‟ form,
The train is about to come.
Other Class 10 English Notes and Important Study Material
Class 10 English Writing Section
Class 10 English Novels
Class 10 English Reading
Class 10 English Grammar
