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Home » 10th Class » Class 10 English Grammar Notes – Tenses

Class 10 English Grammar Notes – Tenses

by Anwesha Bose
May 27, 2024
in 10th Class

Tense refers to the time at which an action takes place.

Additional information

1-Types of sentences:

1- Affirmative
2- Negative
3- Interrogative

i- Yes/No type
ii- question word/Wh words type

4-Interrogative- Negative

i- Yes/No type
ii- question word/Wh words type

2- Subject

1- Singular
2- Plural

Present tense:
1-Indefinite (Simple)

Hence forth-

MV- Main verb
HV- Helping verb

Usage:

1- Habitual actions  He gets up early in the morning.

2- Scientific facts  Water boils at 1000 Centigrade.
3- Universal facts/ General truth  The sun rises in the east.

Key- words: Daily, never, always etc.

Verb:

MV- I form (Plural Subject), I form+ e/es(Singular Subject)- Affirmative sentences

HV- Do (Plural Subject)/Does (Singular Subject)-Negative & Interrogative Sentences

NB- No ‘s/es‘ with  ‘ do/does‘

2-Continuous (Progressive, Imperfect)
Usage:

1- Action taking place at the time of speaking.

I am teaching ‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner‘ by ST Coleridge at present.

2- Action continued over a period of time in the present.

I am working on a science project nowadays.

Key- words: Nowadays, at present, these days etc.

Verb:

MV- I form + ing
HV- Is, Am, Are

3- Perfect Tense

Usage:

Just completed action.

I have completed my homework just now.

Key- words: Recently, Just now

Verb:

MV- III form
HV- Has (Singular Subject)/ Have (Plural Subject)

4- Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage:

Action started somewhere in the past but being done now.

I have been living in Baroda for the last two years.

She has been studying in this school for two years.

Key- words: Since, for

Verb:

MV- I form + ing
HV- Has been (Singular Subject)/ have been (Plural Subject)

NB- Since- Point of time
For- Period of time

Past tense:
1-Past indefinite (Simple)

Usage:

Action done in remote past.

I went to Mathura yesterday
I did not go to Mathura yesterday.

Key- words: – yesterday, last etc.

Verb:
MV- II form (Affirmative sentences)
HV- Did

NB- 1-HV ‘Did‘ is used in negative & interrogative sentences.
2- With HV ‘Did‘, I form of MV.

2-Past Continuous

Usage:

An action done progressively in the past.

He was working on a project, when I last visited him.

Key- words: those days, etc.

Verb:
MV-I form + ing
HV- was, were

3-Past Perfect

Usage:

An action completed in the past before a said time or another action.

Key- words: before, when, as soon as etc.

Verb:
MV- III form (earlier past) & II form (Past)
HV- had (earlier past)

4-Past Perfect Continuous

Usage:

An action being done continuously for the said period in the past.

She had been reading for two hours when I reached her house.

Key- words: since, for Verb:
MV- I form + ing
HV- had been

Future tense:

1- Future indefinite (Simple)

Usage:

Refers to simple action which is to take place.
I will go to Surat tomorrow.

Key- words: tomorrow, next, coming etc.

Verb:
MV- I form
HV- will, shall (Modals)

NB- 1- Ist Person (I, We) – shall
IInd & IIIrd Person (You, He/ She, It, They)-will

2- During three situations, i.e. determination, promise, threatening ‘shall ->will & will -> shall.

2-Future Continuous

Usage:

A progressive future action.

At this time tomorrow, she will be doing her homework.

Key- words: tomorrow at this time etc.

Verb:
MV- I form + ing
HV- will, shall (Modals) + be

3-Future Perfect

Usage:

Refers to an action which will be completed at the said time in future. 

e.g. I will have prepared support material by Saturday.

Key- words: after, by, etc.

Verb:
MV- III form
HV- will, shall (Modals) + have

4-Future Perfect Continuous

Usage:

An action which will begin before a definite time in the future and will just end up at that time or may continue even after that.

When I reach my school at 08:30 a.m tomorrow, the teacher will have been giving remedial classes.

Key- words: – Since, for, after three years, etc.

Verb:
MV- I form + ing

HV- will, shall (Modals) + have been

Future Time Reference

1- By using ‘will/shall’

I‘ll go to Agra tomorrow.

2- By using ‘Simple present tense’

What time does the match begin?

3- By using ‘Present Continuous tense’

The PM is leaving for America next week.

4- By using ‘Going to’ form.

I am going to take bath.

5-By using „about to‟ form,

The train is about to come.

All Topics Class 10 English Notes

Chapter wise notes for English (अंग्रेज़ी) are given below.

  • Writing Section
  • Article Writing Format
  • Formal Letter Format
  • Story Writing Format
  • Novels
  • Diary of a Young Girl
  • The Story of my Life
  • Reading
  • Reading Passages
  • Grammar
  • Active and Passive
  • Comparison
  • Determiners
  • Modals
  • Non Finites
  • Relatives
  • Reported Speech
  • Tenses
  • First Flight Books
  • A Letter to God
  • A Tiger in the Zoo
  • Amanda
  • Animals
  • Dust of Snow
  • Fire and Ice
  • Fog
  • For Anne Gregory
  • From the Diary of Anne Frank
  • Glimpses of India
  • How to Tell Wild Animals
  • Madam Rides the Bus
  • Mijbil the Otter
  • Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
  • The Ball Poem
  • The Hundred Dresses-I
  • The Hundred Dresses-II
  • The Proposal
  • The Sermon at Benares
  • The Trees
  • Two Stories about Flying Crow
  • Footprints without Feet Books
  • A Question of Trust
  • A Triumph of Surgery
  • Bholi
  • Footprints without Feet
  • The Book that Saved the Earth
  • The Hack Driver
  • The Making of a Scientist
  • The Midnight Visitor
  • The Necklace
  • The Thief’s Story
  • Literature – Fiction, Poem, Drama
  • A Shady Plot
  • Julius Ceasar
  • Mirror
  • Mrs. Packletide’s Tiger
  • Not marble, nor the Glided Monuments
  • Ozymandias
  • Patol Babu, Film Star
  • Snake
  • The Dear Departed
  • The Frong and the Nightingale
  • The Letter
  • The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
  • Two Gentlemen of Verona
  • Virtually Ture

Class 10 Notes for All Subjects

  • Class 10 English Notes
  • Class 10 Maths Notes
  • Class 10 Science Notes
  • Class 10 Social Science Notes

Notes for All Classes

  • Class 7 Notes
  • Class 8 Notes
  • Class 9 Notes
  • Class 10 Notes
  • Class 11 Notes
  • Class 12 Notes

A Question of Trust Notes for Class 10 English – An Overview

Name of TopicA Question of Trust
Class10
SubjectEnglish
All Class 10 English NotesClass 10 English Notes
All Class 10 NotesClass 10 Notes
Class 10 English Notes
Class 10 Notes
Writing Skills

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