Change of reporting verb
| Reporting verb(said to)changed to | Type of sentence (reported speech) |
| told | Declarative |
| asked | Interrogative |
| Asked/advised/requested/ordered | Imperative |
Removal of commas (Conjunction used)
| Type of sentence (reported speech) | Conjunction used |
| Declarative | that |
| interrogative | |
| i- yes/No type | If/whether |
| ii- Wh-words type | Wh- word |
| Imperative | |
| i- Affirmative ( begins with I form) | To |
| ii- Negative ( begins with ‘Do not” | Not to |
Changing the verb of reported speech
| Verb (direct speech) | Verb ( reported/Indirect speech) |
|
Reporting verb (Present/future tense) |
|
| Verb (direct speech) | No change |
|
Reporting verb (Past tense) |
|
| I form | II form |
| Is/am/are | Was/were |
| Has/have | Had |
| II form | Had+ III form |
| Was/were | Had been +I form + ing |
| Will/shall | Would |
| Can | Could |
| May | Might |
| Must | Must/had to |
| Would | No change |
| Could | No change |
| Might | No change |
| Universal fact | No change |
Changing the personal pronouns
I person- with the speaker
II person- with the listener
III person- No change
(Refer ‘noun case’ table for changing the personal pronouns)
Solved/Unsolved exercises
1- Editing/Omission
Tips:
- Read the passage carefully. Identify the tense of passage.
- Underline the error/identify the missing word
- Look for errors/missing words in the use of
Editing
Solved exercises
The following passage has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Underline the error and write the incorrect word and the correction. The first one has been done as an example.
Incorrect word correction
Inactivity is the greater cause of overweight . greater . greatest these days. People physical activity a-. _________. __________ had decreased these days. The main reason b-. __________ . __________ is there are many labour saving devices c-. __________ . __________ They does not want to walk on foot. d-. __________. __________ They spend enough time sitting and e-. __________ . __________ watch television. Their excess weight f-. __________ . __________ make them sick and they have to spend g-. __________. __________ money in medicine. h-. __________ . __________
Answers
Incorrect word correction Inactivity is the greater cause of overweight greater greatest these days. People physical activity a-people people‘s had decreased these days. The main reason b-had has is there are many labour saving devices c-is being They does not want to walk on foot. d-does do They spend enough time sitting and e-enough more watch television. Their excess weight f-watch watching make them sick and they have to spend g-make makes money in medicine. h-in on
Unsolved exercises
The following newspaper report has not been edited. There is one error in each line. Underline the error and write the incorrect word and the correction.
. Incorrect . word correction
A three year old girl has rescued by the police a-_________ __________
last Tuesday. She was kidnap by a neighbour b-__________ __________
due to ransom. The mother c-__________ __________
inform the police about the missing girl. d-__________ __________
a probe had supervised by the DSP himself. e-__________ __________
Greater than fifty residents were questioned .f-__________ __________
Ultimately, Rohit , one of the residents of the
colony admit the crime and disclosed g-__________ __________
where the girl was hiding h-__________ __________
Omission
Solved exercises
In the passage below one word has been omitted in each line. Put a slash (/) where the word has been omitted. Write the missing word in the space provided.
One thing we all must do to cooperate a- _______________
with police and pay heed to their advice. b-_______________
They warn us not touch unidentified, c-________________
unclaimed suspicious objects like transistors, d-________________
brief cases etc. we need watch out for e-________________
abandoned cars, scooters report the f-_________________
deatails such objects to the nearest police g-_________________
control room dialing 100. One should h-________________
not touch the objects till the bomb disposal squad arrives.
Answers
One thing we all must do /to cooperate a- is
With/ police and pay heed to their advice. b- the
They warn us not /touch unidentified, c- to
/unclaimed suspicious objects like transistors, d-and
brief cases etc. we need/ watch out for e-to
abandoned cars, scooters /report the f-and
details/ such objects to the nearest police g-of
control room/ dialing 100. One should h-by
not touch the objects till the bomb disposal squad arrives.
Unsolved exercises
In the passage below one word has been omitted in each line. Put a slash (/) where the word has been omitted. Write the missing word in the space provided. The first one has been done as an example.
The small town was the . at foot of the mountains. Most the a-_______________ people were farmers. There traders also b-________________ in the town. Though not rich were c-________________ happy contended. At one d-________________ time the peace broken by e-_________________ several robberies. The people frightened f-_________________ The Mayor the town called for g-________________ a meeting discuss the matter. h-________________
Sentence reordering
Tips
1- First look for the subject (Noun/ Pronoun).
2- Look for the helping verb.
3- Look for the Main Verb.
4- Look for the object (direct & indirect).
5- Also look for Wh-word.
6- Arrange the words in a meaningful sentence.
Solved exercises
1. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example.
the watermelon/thirst quenchers/in summers/is/one of the best.
One of the best thirst quenchers in summers is the watermelon.
a- around/it is/96 countries/cultivated in/the world.
b- in Africa/about 5000 years/grown/ago/it was/first.
c- say that/at the/it was grown/some researchers/same time/in India.
d- the travellers/across a desert/it was/when they/used by/travelled.
Answers
a- It is cultivated in 96 countries around the world.
b- It was first grown in Africa about 5000 years ago.
c- Some researchers say that it was grown in India at the same time.
d- It was used by travellers when they travelled across a desert.
2. ( a) water supply/they get/they eat/from/all their/the leaves
(a) inhabited//tree leaves/so,/by koalas/in areas/of/is high/demand
(b) one group/it takes/to support/several acres/of koalas/of trees
(c) can eat/every day/each/one and a half kilograms/adult Koala/up to /of leaves
ANS: (a) They get all their water supply from the leaves they eat.
(a) So, in areas inhabited by Koalas demand of tree leaves is high.
(b) It takes several acres of trees to support one group of Koalas.
(c) Each adult Koala can eat one and a half kilograms of leaves every day.
Unsolved exercises
1. Look at the words and phrases below. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences.
a- no parallel/discipline/of any kind/has
b- go together/duties/should/discipline/and rights
c- equally important/should be/treated/for a/they/satisfying life
d- the other/or ignored/very bad/it will/if one/prove/overlaps
2. Rearrange the following to form meaningfulsentences.
Peruvian foraging societies were already chewing coca leaves 8,000 years ago foraging societies/Peruvian/8,000 years ago/chewing coca leaves/were already
(a) showed evidence/of chewed coca/in the northwestern Peru/and calcium richrocks/ruins.
(b) such rocks/to create lime,/would have been burned/chewed with coca.
(c) contain a range/coca leaves coca leaves/known as alkaloids/of chemical Compounds.
(d) of the Incas/for medicinal purposes/of coca leaves/the chewing/was a pastime
3. a) depicted/architecture of/has been/the Veena/about 500 A.D. /in temple
b) no takers/sadly/instruments/but/of all/this mother/has/today
c) to whom/there are/students/turn to/few/ can/exponents/the rare
d) subject in /it is/a subsidiary/ not even/university curricula
4.a) paralytic attack/is/prolonged/main cause/high/of/ blood pressure/the
b) tongue, lip, and the vocal cords/people effected/can communicate/either with limbs/with a paralytic stroke
c) to answer/some can/their eyes/even blink
d) nervous system/to the voluntary/due to extensive damages/is impossible/ but in a few even a small gesture
5. a) left me/my/city/parents/her/with/they/in /went/live/when/to/the
b) morning/to/wake/used/up /the/in/she/me
c) said/in a /prayers/sings song/monotonous/morning/she/her
d) listened/ I /loved /I/ voice /because/her
Reported speech
Tips:
- Given dialogue is to be changed into indirect speech.
- Change the reporting verb.
- Remove commas and use conjunction.
- Change the pronouns and verb in the reported speech.
- Use a (.) at the end of every sentence.
Solved exercises
1. Read the conversation between Rama and Sita. Then report the paragraph that follows.
Rama: I am going to jungle.
Sita: Why?
Rama: I have been banished for fourteen years by father.
Sita: Oh! It is very sad. Can I go with you?
Rama: No. Stay at home to care of my old parents.
On being banished by his father, King Dasharath, Rama told Sita (a)_____________. She asked him (b)____________. Rama told that (c) __________________.Sita exclaimed saying it was very bad and asked Rama (d)_______________________. Rama asked her to stay at home to take care of my old parents.
Answers
a- that he was going to jungle.
b- why he was going to jungle.
c- he had been banished for fourteen years by father.
d-if she could go with him.
2. Read the comic strip given below and complete the paragraph
While making the list of what Charlie wanted from Santa Claus, he asked Patty howeverything. (b) __________. She could bet that (c) __________, he would find that she thought Santa (a) __________ all those toys. Patty replied that it was possible as Santa (d) __________ big eastern chain
Answers:
(a) could afford to give away
(b) everything these days is promotion
(c) if the truth were brought out
(d) was being financed by some big eastern chain
Unsolved exercises
Read the conversation between Anita and Prakash. Then report the paragraph that follows.
Anita: What do want to do this morning?
Prakash: I feel like taking a walk. It‘s so nice outside.
Anita: Great, let‘s walk around the lake in the park.
Prakash: It‘s really rocky here.
Anita: Yes, watch your steps so you don‘t trip.
Anita asked Prakash (a) _________. Prakash answered that he (b) ______ . It was so nice outside. Anita agreed to this and suggested (c) ____________. Then Prakash observed that (d) ____________. Anita cautioned him to watch his steps.
Other Class 10 English Notes and Important Study Material
Class 10 English Writing Section
Class 10 English Novels
Class 10 English Reading
Class 10 English Grammar
