NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Candidates can download NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12 from this page. The exemplar has been provided by the National Council of Educational Research & Training (NCERT) and the candidates can check it from below for free of cost. It contains objective, very short answer type, short answer type, and long answer type questions. Along with it, the answer for each question has also been provided. From the NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12, candidates can understand the level and type of questions that are asked in the exam.

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NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

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NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12 is for Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids. The type of questions that will be asked from NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12 are displayed in the below provided NCERT Exemplar Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 12. With the help of it, candidates can prepare well for the examination.

Multiple Choice Questions (Type-I)

Addition of water to alkynes occurs in acidic medium and in the presence of Hg²⁺ ions as a catalyst. Which of the following products will be formed on addition of water to but-1-yne under these conditions.
Which of the following compounds is most reactive towards nucleophilic addition reactions?
The correct order of increasing acidic strength is _____________.
(i) Phenol < Ethanol < Chloroacetic acid < Acetic acid
(ii) Ethanol < Phenol < Chloroacetic acid < Acetic acid
(iii) Ethanol < Phenol < Acetic acid < Chloroacetic acid
(iv) Chloroacetic acid < Acetic acid < Phenol < Ethanol
(i) Phenol and benzoic acid in the presence of NaOH
(ii) Phenol and benzoyl chloride in the presence of pyridine
(iii) Phenol and benzoyl chloride in the presence of ZnCl₂(iv) Phenol and benzaldehyde in the presence of palladium
The reagent which does not react with both, acetone and benzaldehyde.
(i) Sodium hydrogensulphite
(ii) Phenyl hydrazine
(iii) Fehling’s solution
(iv) Grignard reagent
Cannizzaro’s reaction is not given by _____________.
Structure of ‘A’ and type of isomerism in the above reaction are respectively.
(i) Prop–1–en–2–ol, metamerism
(ii) Prop-1-en-1-ol, tautomerism
(iii) Prop-2-en-2-ol, geometrical isomerism
(iv) Prop-1-en-2-ol, tautomerism
Compounds A and C in the following reaction are __________.

(i) identical
(ii) positional isomers
(iii) functional isomers
(iv) optical isomers
Which is the most suitable reagent for the following conversion?

(i) Tollen’s reagent
(ii) Benzoyl peroxide
(iii) I₂ and NaOH solution
(iv) Sn and NaOH solution
Which of the following compounds will give butanone on oxidation with alkaline KMnO₄ solution?
(i) Butan-1-ol
(ii) Butan-2-ol
(iii) Both of these
(iv) None of these
In Clemmensen Reduction carbonyl compound is treated with _____________.
(i) Zinc amalgam + HCl
(ii) Sodium amalgam + HCl
(iii) Zinc amalgam + nitric acid
(iv) Sodium amalgam + HNO₃

Multiple Choice Questions (Type-II)

Note : In the following questions two or more options may be correct.

Which of the following compounds do not undergo aldol condensation?
(i) Phenol
(ii) Sodium phenoxide
(iii) Sodium benzoate
(iv) Benzophenone
Which of the following conversions can be carried out by Clemmensen Reduction?
(i) Benzaldehyde into benzyl alcohol
(ii) Cyclohexanone into cyclohexane
(iii) Benzoyl chloride into benzaldehyde
(iv) Benzophenone into diphenyl methane
Through which of the following reactions number of carbon atoms can be increased in the chain?
(i) Grignard reaction
(ii) Cannizaro’s reaction
(iii) Aldol condensation
(iv) HVZ reaction
Benzophenone can be obtained by ____________.
(i) Benzoyl chloride + Benzene + AlCl₃(ii) Benzoyl chloride + Diphenyl cadmium
(iii) Benzoyl chloride + Phenyl magnesium chloride
(iv) Benzene + Carbon monoxide + ZnCl₂

Short Answer Type Questions

Why is there a large difference in the boiling points of butanal and butan-1-ol?
Write a test to differentiate between pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one.
Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds
Give the structure of the following compounds.
(i) 4-Nitro Propiophenone
(ii) 2-Hydroxy Cyclopentanecarbaldehyde
(iii) Phenyl acetaldehyde
Write IUPAC names of the following structures.
Benzaldehyde can be obtained from benzal chloride. Write reactions for obtaining benzal chloride and then benzaldehyde from it.
Name the electrophile produced in the reaction of benzene with benzoyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous AlCl₃. Name the reaction also.
Oxidation of ketones involves carbon-carbon bond cleavage. Name the products formed on oxidation of 2, 5-dimethylhexane-3-one.
Arrange the following in decreasing order of their acidic strength and give reason for your answer.
CH₃CH₂OH, CH₃COOH, ClCH₂COOH, FCH₂COOH, C₆H₅CH₂COOH
What product will be formed on reaction of propanal with 2-methylpropanal in the presence of NaOH? What products will be formed? Write the name of the reaction also.
29. Compound ‘A’ was prepared by oxidation of compound ‘B’ with alkaline KMnO 4 . Compound ‘A’ on reduction with lithium aluminium hydride gets converted back to compound ‘B’. When compound ‘A’ is heated with compound B in the presence of H₂SO₄ it produces fruity smell of compound C to which family the compounds ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ belong to?
Arrange the following in decreasing order of their acidic strength. Give explanation for the arrangement.
C₆H₅COOH, FCH₂COOH, NO₂CH₂COOH
Carboxylic acids contain carbonyl group but do not show the nucleophilic addition reaction like aldehydes or ketones. Why?
Identify the compounds A, B and C in the following reaction
Why are carboxylic acids more acidic than alcohols or phenols although all of them have hydrogen atom attached to a oxygen atom (—O—H)?
Complete the following reaction sequence.
Ethylbenzene is generally prepared by acetylation of benzene followed by reduction and not by direct alkylation. Think of a possible reason.
Can Gattermann-Koch reaction be considered similar to Friedel Craft’s acylation? Discuss.

Matching Type Questions

Note : Match the items of Column I and Column II in the following questions.

Match the common names given in Column I with the IUPAC names given in Column II.
Match the acids given in Column I with their correct IUPAC names given in Column II.
Match the reactions given in Column I with the suitable reagents given in Column II.
Match the example given in Column I with the name of the reaction in Column II.

Assertion and Reason Type Questions

Note : In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given. Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are wrong statements.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
(v) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation of assertion.

Assertion : Formaldehyde is a planar molecule.
Reason : It contains sp² hybridised carbon atom.
Assertion : Compounds containing —CHO group are easily oxidised to corresponding carboxylic acids.
Reason : Carboxylic acids can be reduced to alcohols by treatment with LiAlH⁴.
Assertion : The α-hydrogen atom in carbonyl compounds is less acidic.
Reason : The anion formed after the loss of α-hydrogen atom is resonance stabilised.
Assertion : Aromatic aldehydes and formaldehyde undergo Cannizzaro reaction.
Reason : Aromatic aldehydes are almost as reactive as formaldehyde.
Assertion : Aldehydes and ketones, both react with Tollen’s reagent to form silver mirror.
Reason : Both, aldehydes and ketones contain a carbonyl group.

Long Answer Type Questions

An alkene ‘A’ (Mol. formula C₅H₁₀) on ozonolysis gives a mixture of two compounds ‘B’ and ‘C’. Compound ‘B’ gives positive Fehling’s test and also forms iodoform on treatment with I₂ and NaOH. Compound ‘C’ does not give Fehling’s test but forms iodoform. Identify the compounds A, B and C. Write the reaction for ozonolysis and formation of iodoform from B and C.
An aromatic compound ‘A’ (Molecular formula C₈H₈O) gives positive 2, 4-DNP test. It gives a yellow precipitate of compound ‘B’ on treatment with iodine and sodium hydroxide solution. Compound ‘A’ does not give Tollen’s or Fehling’s test. On drastic oxidation with potassium permanganate it forms a carboxylic acid ‘C’ (Molecular formula C₇H₆O₂), which is also formed along with the yellow compound in the above reaction. Identify A, B and C and write all the reactions involved.
Write down functional isomers of a carbonyl compound with molecular formula C₃H₆O. Which isomer will react faster with HCN and why? Explain the mechanism of the reaction also. Will the reaction lead to the completion with the conversion of whole reactant into product at reaction conditions? If a strong acid is added to the reaction mixture what will be the effect on concentration of the product and why?
When liquid ‘A’ is treated with a freshly prepared ammoniacal silver nitrate solution, it gives bright silver mirror. The liquid forms a white crystalline solid on treatment with sodium hydrogensulphite. Liquid ‘B’ also forms a white crystalline solid with sodium hydrogensulphite but it does not give test with ammoniacal silver nitrate. Which of the two liquids is aldehyde? Write the chemical equations of these reactions also.