NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science II Chapter 5 Challenges To And Restoration Of Congress System

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Q.1: Which of these statements about the 1967 elections is/are correct?
(a) Congress won the Lok Sabha elections but lost the Assembly elections in many states.
(b) Congress lost both Lok Sabha and Assembly elections.
(c) Congress lost majority in the Lok Sabha but formed a coalition government with the support of some other parties.
(d) Congress retained power at the Centre with an increased majority.

Ans : (a) Congress won the Lok Sabha elections but lost the Assembly elections in many states. 
(c) Congress lost majority in the Lok Sabha but formed a coalition government with the support of some other parties. 

Q.2: Match the following:

Ans : (a)-(ii)
(b)-(i) 
(c)-(iv)
(d)-(iii) 

Q.3: Whom would you identify with the following slogans/phrases?
(a) Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan
(b) Indira Hatao!
(c) Garibi Hatao!

Ans : (a) Lal Bahadur Shastri: Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan 
(b) Syndicate: Indira Hatao! 
(c) Indira Gandhi: Garibi Hatao! 

Q.4: Which of the following statement about the Grand Alliance of 1971 is correct?
The Grand Alliance …..
(a) was formed by non-Communist, non-Congress parties.
(b) had a clear political and ideological programme.
(c) was formed by all non-Congress parties.

Ans : (a) was formed by non-Communist, non-Congress parties. 

Q.5: How should a political party resolve its internal differences? Here are some suggestions. Think of each and list out their advantages and shortcomings.
(a) Follow the footsteps of the party president
(b) Listen to the majority group
(c) Secret ballot voting on every issue
(d) Consult the senior and experienced leaders of the party

Ans : (a) Advantage: If the party follows the footsteps of the party president, there will be discipline and unity within the party. Shortcoming: The party president can take its decision without taking into consideration the views of its party members. So, the inner democracy may get weakened. 
(b) Advantage: If the party listens to the majority group, there will be more confidence among the party members and inner democracy will be strengthened. Shortcoming: If the party listens to the majority group, factionalism may increase in the party. One faction may try to back another faction to gather support 
(c) Advantage: Secret ballot voting is an appropriate system. It is more democratic. Through it, any member can express his views. Shortcoming: Sometimes, the party members may vote through secret ballot by ignoring the whip of the party issued by the party president. It may prove fatal to the party. 
(d) Advantage: The novice and less experienced candidates will be benefited if they consult the senior and experienced leaders of the party and also follow their guidelines. Shortcoming: If the party members only consult the senior and experienced leaders and follow their guidelines, their hold will get strengthened in the party. 

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