NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science II Chapter 4 Indias External Relations

Ans : (a) True 
(b) True 
(c) True 
(d) False 

Ans : (a)-(ii) 
(b)-(iii) 
(c)-(iv)
(d)-(i) 

Ans : 1. India decided to conduct its foreign relations with respect to sovereignty of other nations and maintain peace and security through mutual cooperation to be reflected in the Directive Principles of State Policy on Article 51 of constitution 
2. India always advocated the policy of Non-alignment, made efforts to reduce cold war tensions and contributed human resources to UN peace keeping operations. 
3. Hence, India took independent stand and got assistance from members of both the blocks. 

Ans : The statement is justified to maximum extent to be proved during 'Sino-Indian Conflict of 1 962' to dent India's image at home and international level, India had to approach the Americans and the British for military assistance to tide over the issues. The Soviet Union remained neutral during the conflict: 
(i) All the occurings, created a sense of national humiliation but strengthened a spirit of nationalism also on the other hand. 
(ii) Pt. Nehru was also criticised for his naive assessment of Chinese intentions and lack of military preparedness. 
(iii) Political mood of country began to change, when no-confidence motion against Nehru moved in and debated in Lok-Sabha. 
(iv) 'Sino-Indian Conflict' splitted the Communist Party of India in 1964s split fraction formed communist party of India (CPI-M). 
(v) Besides, the war with China alerted Indian leadership to volatile situation in the North-east region. 
(vi) Apart from being isolated and extremely underdeveloped, this region posed the challenge of national integration in front of India. 

Ans : Two Aspects to be Supported: 
1. India always maintained her dignity and image of a peace loving country by taking initiatives to bring about equality and understanding among the nations i.e. India supported to end Korean War in 1953, French rule in China, US role in Vietnam. 
2. India's initiatives for Non-alignment are also appreciable for the maintenance of mutual understanding and security. During post cold war era also, NAM had become an effective tool to make the Security Council more effective and democratic.
Two Aspects to be Changed: 
1. In the course of decade of 1962-72, India faced three wars and its peaceful image played a very limited role. 
2. Conflict with neighbouring countries like China and Pakistan derailed India's concept of regional cooperation under SAARC Hence, India must adopt diplomatic and defensive postures in its foreign policy to maintain its independent entity