NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Political Science II Chapter 8 Regional Aspirations

Ans : (a)-(iii)
(b)-(iv)
(c)-(ii)
(d)-(i) 

Ans : Tripura, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh 

Ans : Punjab Accord was an agreement signed between the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and Harchand Singh Longowal, the then President of Akali Dal in 1985 to be known as 'Rajiv Gandhi Longowal Accord' also to create normalcy in Punjab: 
1. Chandigarh would be transferred to Punjab. 
2. To appoint a separate commission to resolve border dispute between Punjab and Haryana. 
3. To set up a tribunal to settle down the sharing of Ravi-Beas river water among Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. 
4. To provide agreement for compensation to better treatment to those affected by militancy in Punjab. 
5. To withdraw the Armed forces special power Act in Punjab. But, peace could not be established easily in Punjab and resulted as follows: 
(a) It led to many excesses by police and violation of human rights. 
(b) It fragmented the Akali Dal. 
(c) President's rule was imposed and normal political process was suspended. 
(d) Hence, Political process could not be restored in this atmosphere Even during elections in 1992, only 24% electors turned out to vote. Consequently above mentioned added to tension between Punjab and its neighbouring states. 

Ans : Anandpur Sahib Resolution was passed at the conference of Akali Dal at Anandpur Sahib in 1973: 
(a) To ascertain regional autonomy and to redefine centre-state relations. 
(b) Sikhs aspirations aimed at 'bolbala' (dominance) of Sikhs. 
(c) It could also be interpreted as a plea for separate Sikh nation despite of federal spirit. But, it became controversial due to following reasons: 
1. Due to lack of popularity of Akali Dal resolution had a United appeal. 
2. Akali government was dismissed in 1980s it lost its importance. 
3. Akali Dal launched a movement on the distribution of water between Punjab and its neighbouring states. 
4. Movement went into the hands of extremist elements from moderate Akalis and converted into armed insurgency for which Anandpur Sahib Resolution considered responsible. 

Ans : Jammu and Kashmir comprised of three regions: 
1. Kashmir region is Kashmir valley consisting Kashmiri speaking and mostly Muslim with a Kashmiri speaking Hindu minority. 
2. Jammu region consists of Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs and speakers of various languages, in the areas of foothills and plains. 
3. Ladakh region is equally divided between Buddhists and Muslims and maintains an little population area. 
These internal divisions led to multiple regional aspirations: 
1 . One strand of separatist to demand a separate Kashimri nation independent of India and Pakistan. 
2. Some other groups want Kashmir to be merged with Pakistan. 
3. Third strand wants a greater autonomy for people of state within Indian Union. 
4. The demand for intra-state autonomy is as strong as the demand for the state autonomy. In present scenario, most of the separatist in dialogue are trying to re-negotiate a relationship of state with India.