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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 2 the Origin And Evolution of the Earth

by aglasem
August 29, 2021
in 11th Class
Reading Time: 1 min read
0
NCERT Solutions

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 2 the Origin And Evolution of the Earth – Here are all the NCERT solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 2. This solution contains questions, answers, images, explanations of the complete chapter 1 titled  Of the Origin And Evolution of the Earth taught in Class 11. If you are a student of Class 11 who is using NCERT Textbook to study Geography, then you must come across chapter 2 the Origin And Evolution of the Earth After you have studied lesson, you must be looking for answers of its questions. Here you can get complete NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography Chapter 2 the Origin And Evolution of the Earth in one place.

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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography Chapter 2 The Origin And Evolution Of The Earth

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Here on AglaSem Schools, you can access to NCERT Book Solutions in free pdf for Geography for Class 11 so that you can refer them as and when required. The NCERT Solutions to the questions after every unit of NCERT textbooks aimed at helping students solving difficult questions.

For a better understanding of this chapter, you should also see summary of Chapter 2 The Origin And Evolution Of The Earth , Geography, Class 11.

Class 11
Subject Geography
Book Fundamentals Of Physical Geography
Chapter Number 2
Chapter Name

The Origin And Evolution Of The Earth

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Geography chapter 2 The Origin And Evolution Of The Earth

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Class 11, Geography chapter 2, The Origin And Evolution Of The Earth solutions are given below in PDF format. You can view them online or download PDF file for future use.

The Origin And Evolution Of The Earth Download

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography (Fundamental of physical geography) Chapter 2 The Origin and Evolution of the Earth Download

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Question & Answer

Q.1: Multiple  choice  questions.
(i) Which  one  of  the  following  figures  represents  the  age  of  the  earth?
(a)  4.6  million  years
(b)  13.7  billion  years
(c)  4.6  billion  years
(d)  13.7  trillion  years


(ii) Which  one  of  the  following  has  the  longest  duration?
(a)  Eons
(b)  Period
(c)  Era
(d)  Epoch


(iii) Which one of the following is not related to the formation or modification
of  the  present  atmosphere?
(a)  Solar  winds
(b)  Differentiation
(c)  Degassing
(d)  Photosynthesis


(iv) Which  one  of  the  following  represents  the  inner  planets?
(a) Planets  between  the  sun  and  the  earth
(b) Planets  between  the  sun  and  the  belt  of  asteroids
(c) Planets  in  gaseous  state
(d) Planets  without  satellite(s)


(v) Life  on  the  earth  appeared  around  how  many  years  before  the  present?
(a)  13.7  billion
(b) 3.8 million
(c) 4.6 billion
(d) 3.8 billion

Ans : (i) (c) 4.6 billion years (ii) (a) Eons (iii) (b) Differentiation (iv) (b) Planets beüeen the sun and the belt of asteroids (v) (d) 3.8 billion

Q.2: Answer  the  following  questions  in  about  30  words.
(i) Why  are  the  terrestrial  planets  rocky?


(ii) What is the basic difference in the arguments related to the origin of the earth  given  by  :
(a) Kant  and  Laplace
(b) Chamberlain  and  Moulton


(iii) What  is  meant  by  the  process  of  differentiation?


(iv) What  was  the  nature  of  the  earth  surface  initially?


(v) What  were  the  gases  which  initially  formed  the  earth’s  atmosphere?

Ans : (i) The terrestrial planets are rocky because:

  • The terrestrial planets were formed in the close vicinity of the parent star where it was too warm for gases to condense to solid particles. Jovian planets were formed at quite a distant location.
  • The solar wind was most intense nearer the sun; so, it blew off lots of gas and dust from the terrestrial planets. The solar winds were not all that intense to cause similar removal of gases from the Jovian planets.
  • The terrestrial planets are smaller and their lower gravity could not hold the escaping gases.
(ii) The Nebular Hypothesis, proposed by Immanuel Kant and later revised by Laplace in 1796 considered that the planets were formed out of a cloud of material associated with a youthful sun, which was slowly rotating while, in 1900, Chamberlain and Moulton considered that a wandering star approached the sun. As a result, a cigar-shaped material separated from the solar surface. As the passing star moved away, the material separated from the sun, continued to revolve around the sun and it slowly condensed into planets. (iii) The process by which earth forming material got separated into different layers is called differentiation. Starting from the surface to the central parts, we have layers like the crust, mantle, outer core and inner core. From the crust to the core, the density of the material increases. (iv) The planet earth initially was a barren, rocky and hot object with a thin atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. This is far from the present day picture of the earth. (v) Hydrogen and helium were the gases which initially formed the earth's atmosphere. The early atmosphere, with hydrogen and helium, is supposed to have been stripped off as a result of the solar winds. During the cooling of the earth, gases and water vapour were released from the interior solid earth. This started the evolution of the present atmosphere.

Q.3: Answer  the  following  questions  in  about  150  words.
(i) Write  an  explanatory  note  on  the  ‘Big  Bang  Theory’.


(ii) List  the  stages  in  the  evolution  of  the  earth  and  explain  each stage in brief.

Ans : (i) The 'Big Bang Theory' also known as expanding universe hypothesis. Edwin Hubble, in 1920, provided evidence that the universe is expanding. The distance between the galaxies is also found to be increasing and thereby, the universe is considered to be expanding. Various stages in the development of the universe according to Big Bang Theory are:

  • In the beginning, all matter forming the universe existed in one place in the form of a 'tiny ball" (singular atom) with an unimaginably small volume, infinite temperature and infinite density.
  • At the Big Bang the 'tiny ball" exploded violently. This led to a huge expansion. It is now generally accepted that the event of big bang took place 13.7 billion years before the present. The expansion continues even to the present day. As it grew, some energy was converted into matter. There was particularly rapid expansion within fractions of a second after the bang. Thereafter, the expansion has slowed down. Within first three minutes from the Big Bang event, the first atom began to form.
  • Within 300,000 years from the Big Bang, temperature dropped to 4,500K (Kelvin) and gave rise to atomic matter. The universe became transparent.
(ii) The earth was mostly in a volatile state during its primordial stage. Due to gradual increase in density the temperature inside has increased. As a result, the material inside started getting separated depending on their densities.
  • This allowed heavier materials (like iron) to sink towards the centre of the earth and the lighter ones to move towards the surface. With passage of time it cooled further and solidified and condensed into a smaller size which led to the formation of the crust.
  • During the formation of the moon, due to the giant impact, the earth was further heated up. It is through the process of differentiation that the earth forming material got separated into different layers. Starting from the surface to the central parts, the crust, mantle, outer core and inner core formed. The early atmosphere, with hydrogen and helium, is supposed to have been stripped off as a result of the solar winds. During the cooling of the earth, gases and water vapour were released from the interior solid earth which started the evolution of the present atmosphere.
  • The early atmosphere largely contained water vapour, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia and very little of free oxygen. The process through which the gases were outpoured from the interior is called degassing.
  • As the earth cooled, the water vapour released started getting condensed. The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere got dissolved in rainwater and the temperature further decreased causing more condensation and more rains. The rainwater falling onto the surface got collected in the depressions to give rise to oceans.
  • Life was confined to the oceans for a long time. Oceans began to have the contribution of oxygen through the process of photosynthesis.
  • The last phase in the evolution of the earth relates to the origin and evolution of life.
  • The origin of life as a kind of chemical reaction, which first generated complex organic molecules and assembled them. This assemblage was such that they could duplicate themselves converting inanimate matter into living substance.

NCERT / CBSE Book for Class 11 Geography

You can download the NCERT Book for Class 11 Geography in PDF format for free. Otherwise you can also buy it easily online.

  • Click here for NCERT Book for Class 11 Geography
  • Click here to buy NCERT Book for Class 11 Geography

All NCERT Solutions Class 11

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