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Class 12 Chemistry Notes – Electronic Structure & Prepration of Alcohols

by Anand Meena
April 22, 2019
in 12th Class, Class Notes
Reading Time: 2 mins read
0
Alcohole Notes

Electronic structure of Alcohols:-

(i) In alcohols both oxygen and the carbon attached to it are sp3 hybridized

(ii) Two of the four sp3 hybridized orbitals of oxygen overlaps separately with l0 orbital of H and an sp3 orbital of carbon of alkyl group to form OH and C – O bond

Electronic structure of Alcohols

 

Methods of preparation of alcohols:-

From Haloalkanes:- when HaloAlkanes (alkyl halides) are heated with aqueous sodium or Potassium Hydroxide, they forms alcohols

Haloalkanes

From Alkenes:- Alcohols can be produced from Alkenes by their Hydration, by passing alkenes through concentrated H2SO4 and then hydrolysis with boiling water gives alcohols.
Mechanism: – it involves following steps

(i) Electrophilic attack by hydroxyl union on alkenes gives a carbocation intermediate :-

Electrophilic attack by hydroxyl

(ii) Nucleophilic attack by water on 20 carbocation

Nucleophilic attack by water

(iii) Deprotonation or loss of proton to form alcohol

Hydroboration – oxidation :- B2H6 (Diborane) if C- deficient molecule it acts as an electrophilic and react with alkenes to form trialkylborates  which on subsequent oxidation with alkaline H2O2 gives alcohols

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Tags: CBSE NotesClass 12 ChemistryClass 12 NotesClass 12thClass XII ChemistryXII Class

Anand Meena

Full time entrepreneur, likes to indulge in writing reviews about the latest technologies apart from helping students in career and exam related topics.

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