NCERT Solutions for Class 12 English (Vistas) Chapter 8 Memories of Childhood

Ans : The autobiographical accounts included in the "Memories of Childhood" are by two women from socially marginalized sections in two distant cultures of the world. One highlights the evil practice Of racial prejudice While the Other talks about the hierarchical Indian caste system and untouchability. The nrst part traces how the author. a Native American. was victimized at the hands Of the European staff of her boarding school. The second account gives a picture of the hardships and humiliations faced by a third standard student who belonged to the Indian 'Dalits' . Although they are set in different cultures, both the stories share a similar theme. They show the sufferings and oppression faced by their respective communities. The practice Of social stratification is rebuked by both the authors. hair was "shingled' at the behest of Europeans who considered themselves superior to the Native American. On the Other hand. Bama witnessed untouchability being practiced openly where people from •lower castes' were considered impious and were not even allowed to touch the people from the upper castes. From a very young age, both Zitkala.Sa and Bama started protesting and resisting in their own ways.B0th did not give in, but they decide to protest against the injustice and discrimination. 

Ans : The world has been gripped in the web Of stratification, oppression and discrimination at many levels. These are all man-made barriers. While the adults have grown used to this, the innocence Of childhood does not understand hatred and prejudice. However, their keen observant eyes are capable enough to notice any form of injustice and discrimination. When subjected to such evil practices, their sensitive minds and hearts are deeply affected. perplexed. they often resist in their own simple ways. In the lesson, the two girls describe their encounters With inequality. Zitkala-Sa, in the very first line reports that her first day in school was "bitter-cold". For her. it not only describes the weather. but also represents the atmosphere Of the boarding school. The Overly disciplined students of the school and the European staff were unfriendly or -cold" towards her, and the vain struggle against her hair being shingled was a "bitter" experience for her. On the other hand. Bama walked on her brothers footsteps to protest against the practice of untouchability through education. She studied wholeheartedly to reach a position where people would forget her caste" and feel proud to befriend her. 

Ans : While Bama was subjected to caste discrimination and untouchability, Zitkala-Sa was a victim of racial prejudice. Zitkala•Sa was packed off to a European missionary school where. being a local tribal, she was looked down upon. Her precious, long and heavy hair, which was her pride. was shingled. She tried to resist with all her might but. ultimately. she was forced to give up her struggle. On the contrary, Bama, who witnessed the malpractice Of untouchability. decided to blur the difference of castes with the light of education, Under the guidance and supervision Of her elder brother, she judiciously utilized her anger and sense of rebellion to study hard and outwit any form of prejudice. She understood that a social change would be possible only if these so-called lower castes would make an effort to study and. thus. would make progress. It can easily be noticed that though both the protagonists tried to protest against the injustice they faced. the paths they chose are remarkably different. Through this journey of rebellion. Zitkala-Sa is forced to give in; on the contrary, Bama successfully implemented her brother's advice to finally top in her class. While ZitkalaSa continued to rebel by criticizing the evils of racial prejudice through her works. Bama Opted for a more subtle way to carry forth her silent yet effective remonstration.