NCERT Solutions for Class 3 The World Around Us Chapter 11 Making Things (PDF) – 2027

These things are made of clay. Clay is soft, sticky mud.

The pot, the gullak, the birdbath and the kulhad are all clay things. Wet clay can be given any shape. Baking in a hot fire makes it hard.

A potter has made them. In the chapter, Mini’s Appooppan is the potter.

1. He makes the clay wet.
2. He pounds it and kneads it like dough.
3. He shapes it on a spinning stone wheel.
4. The pot is dried and then baked in a kiln.

Pots are used for storing water.

Other clay things are used in other ways: a kulhad for drinking, a birdbath to give water to birds and a gullak to save money.

Potters make many things from clay: water pots, gullaks (piggy banks), birdbaths, kulhads (cups), diyas and even some statues.

They also make patterns on the pots and colour them.

The pot is baked in a kiln to make it hard and strong.

A kiln is the potter’s oven with a very hot fire inside. A dried pot is still weak and breaks easily. After baking, it is ready for use and can hold water.

I went with my mother to Ramu uncle’s place near the market. He was making kulhads. I saw a heap of clay, a tub of water, his wheel and rows of pots drying.

The potter put a lump of wet clay in the middle of the wheel. He made the wheel spin with a stick. He pressed the clay gently with both hands. Soon it became a pot.

Yes. The wet clay is soft. The wheel spins round and round very fast. The potter holds his hands still on the clay, so it gets the same shape all the way round. That is how the pot becomes round and smooth.

At home we use a clay pot (matka) for drinking water, a gullak to save money and kulhads for tea or lassi. We light clay diyas on Diwali.

I drew four things I saw at the potter’s place — a water pot, a kulhad, a diya and a gullak. I coloured them brown and wrote the name under each.

Tip: A pot is just a round shape with a small neck on top.

I put my plate in the sink after eating. I help my mother fold the clothes. I read the newspaper out to my grandfather. I water the plants with my grandmother.

Like Mini, even a small job is a big help.

Steps (do them with an elder):

1. Collect soil from a wet, muddy place.
2. Sieve it to take out stones, sand and leaves.
3. Soak it in a flat vessel of water for a few days.
4. Throw away the water on top.
5. Knead the soil into a dough ball.

I made a small bowl and a tortoise. I kept them on a plate in the sun. In two days they became dry, hard and lighter in colour.

Write these numbers under the pictures, in the book’s order: 1, 2, 5, 4, 6, 3.

1. Sieve the soil.
2. Soak it in water.
3. Knead the clay with the feet.
4. Shape it on the wheel.
5. Dry the pots in the sun.
6. Bake them in the kiln.

I drew a neem branch. Small leaves grow in pairs, one facing the other, all along the stem. My own example is the drumstick leaf, which has tiny round leaves in rows.

I drew a zebra with black stripes all over its body, one after another.

Other animals with patterns: peacock, tiger, leopard, butterfly, fish, cat and squirrel.

I drew the pattern on our floor tiles — a blue flower, then a white square, then a blue flower again, across the box.

A shape becomes a pattern when it comes again and again.

Sample answer: On the cup I drew blue dots and a green zigzag. On the wide pot I drew a red zigzag in the middle band. On the vase I drew orange dots in a flower shape.

Tick pictures 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7.

They have lines, shapes or flowers that come again and again. Picture 3 has only a few holes and picture 4 shows one bull, so they get no tick.

I have seen bricks in the walls of houses, schools and hospitals. I have also seen heaps of bricks at a building site near my school.

Bricks are made of mud, just like pots.

1. Mud is mixed with water.
2. It is pressed into a mould to get its shape.
3. The bricks are dried in the sun.
4. They are baked in a kiln to make them hard.

No, all houses are not made of bricks.

In some warm areas, people make mud houses that stay cool inside. They also use grass and wood. Some houses are made of stone, and tents are made of cloth.

Other materials used to build houses are mud, grass, wood, cow dung, stone, cement, iron, glass and cloth (for tents).

Many people use cow dung instead of cement to make walls and floors smooth.

Mud houses are made from natural things like mud, grass and wood. Many people use cow dung instead of cement. Cow dung keeps the heat out and stops insects. These things are found nearby, so nothing has to be made in a factory or carried from far away.

Most houses in my lane are made of bricks and cement. Two houses have tin roofs. At the end of the lane there is an old mud house with a grass roof.

Your answer will depend on where you live.

Here is the table, filled in:

What you will see: The second wall stays standing when it is pushed. The first wall falls apart easily.

The second arrangement is sturdier.

In it, each brick rests on two bricks below, so the bricks hold each other together. The joins do not come one above the other.

The first arrangement falls more easily.

All its joins are in straight lines, one above the other. So the wall is like four separate piles standing side by side. A push knocks a pile over.

Yes. Some safety rules at home are:

1. Do not play near the gas stove.
2. Do not touch switches with wet hands.
3. Do not run on a wet floor.
4. Keep medicines and knives away from small children.

Yes. Some safety rules at school are:

1. Walk on the stairs. Do not run or push.
2. Hold the railing.
3. Do not lean out of a window.
4. Line up quietly during a fire drill.

A pot is made from clay in these steps:

1. The soil is sieved.
2. It is soaked in water.
3. The clay is pounded and kneaded like dough.
4. It is shaped on a spinning wheel.
5. The pot is dried.
6. It is baked in a kiln. Now it is ready for use.

Many artists get ideas for their art from nature. They look at patterns like the spots on a leopard, the stripes on a squirrel or a zebra, the leaves on a neem branch and a peacock’s feathers. They use these shapes and colours on their pots.

A kiln is the potter’s oven. A very hot fire burns inside it. Dried pots are baked in it to make them hard. Bricks are also baked in a kiln.

Houses are made of many things — bricks, cement, mud, grass, wood, cow dung, stone, glass and cloth.

Many houses are made of bricks. In warm areas, mud houses with grass roofs stay cool. Tents are made of cloth.

Sample answer — how chalk is made:

1. White powder is mixed with water into a paste.
2. The paste is poured into long, thin moulds.
3. It is left to set.
4. The sticks are taken out and dried.
5. They are packed into boxes.

I drew three houses.

• Mud house — mud walls and a yellow grass roof.
• Brick house — red walls, a door and two windows.
• Houseboat — a long brown boat with a roof, on blue water.

Places are different, so houses are different.

• In warm places, mud houses keep people cool.
• People build with things found near them, like mud, stone, grass or wood.
• Where there is little land and many people, tall buildings are made.
• On water, people live in houseboats.

To keep their heads safe. At a building site, bricks and tools are carried high up. If something falls, the hard helmet takes the hit instead of the head. The strap keeps the helmet in place.

If there were no patterns in nature, everything would look plain — a zebra with no stripes, a leopard with no spots. Artists would have fewer ideas, so our pots and clothes would have fewer designs.

I met Latha aunty, who makes cloth dolls. She uses old cloth, cotton and thread. Her mother taught her. One doll takes about two hours. She sells the dolls at the Sunday market.

• Pencil — a thin black stick is put between two pieces of wood. They are glued, cut and painted.
• Notebook — paper is cut into sheets. Lines are printed on them. The sheets are stitched together and given a cover.

Yes. There is a statue at the main crossing near our market. During a festival I also saw clay statues being made near the river.

Yes. Some statues are made of the same clay that is used for pots and bricks.

The artist shapes the wet clay by hand. The statue is then dried. Some statues are also baked, like pots.