NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter 1 Human Geography Nature and Scope

Ans : (i) (d) not relevant in the present time due to the development of technology.
(ii) (c) samples of rock materials trom the moon
(iii) (c) technology
(iv) (c) Quantitative revolution 

Ans : (i) Human geography studies the inter-relationship between the physical environment and sociocultural environment created by human beings through mutual interaction with each other.


(ii) Some subfields of human geography are:
Behavioural Geography
Geography of social well-being
Geography of Leisure
Cultural Geography
Gender Geography
Historical Geography
Electoral Geography
Military Geography
Geography of Resources
Geography of Agriculture, etc.


(iii) Human geography attempts to explain the relationship between all elements of human life and the space they occur over. Thus, human geography assumes a highly interdisciplinary nature. It develops close interface with other sister disciplines in social sciences in order to understand and explain human elements on the surface of the earth. 

Ans : (i) Human beings interact with their physical environment with the help of technology. Technology indicates the level of cultural development ot society.
In the early stages of their interaction with their natural environment humans were greatly influenced by it. They adapted to the dictates of Nature. This is so because the level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also primitive.
This type of interaction between primitive human society and strong forces of nature was termed as environmental determinism. At that stage of very low technological development we can imagine the presence of a naturalised human, who listened to Nature, was afraid of its fury and worshipped it.
Nature is a powerful force, worshipped, revered and conserved in all cases.
There is direct dependence of human beings on nature for resources which sustain them.The physical environment for such societies becomes the "Mother Nature".


(ii) Human geography is the study of the changing relationship between the unresting man and the unstable earth.
The process of adaptation, adjustment with and modification of the environment started with appearance of human beings over the surface of the earth in different ecological niches. Thus, it we imagine the beginning of human geography with the interaction of environment and human beings. it has its roots deep in history.
Thus, the concerns of human geography have a long temporal continuum through the approaches to articulate them have changed over time. This dynamism in approaches and thrusts shows the vibrant nature of the discipline.
Human geography attempts to explain the relationship between all elements of human life and the space they occur over. Thus, human geography assumes a highly interdisciplinary nature.